The right to vote at a general meeting is a fundamental shareholder right. Individual shareholders should have the opportunity to exercise their voting rights and take responsibilities as owners of listed companies also across borders. Despite the adoption of the Shareholder Rights Directive and the best practice standards developed and endorsed by the industry, there

El derecho de voto en una asamblea general es un derecho fundamental del accionista. Los accionistas privados deberà­an tener la oportunidad de ejercer su derecho al voto y asumir responsabilidades como propietarios de empresas que cotizan también mà¡s allà¡ de las fronteras. A pesar de la adopcià³n de la Directiva sobre Derechos de los Accionistas

Please find here an Equiduct LFA analysis on the cost of opportunity of the European equity trades execution based on full depth order book data prices across seven European venues: Xetra, Euronext, Chi-X, Turquoise, BATS, Borsa Italiana and Equiduct HybridBook.