Across Europe, millions of citizens remain hesitant to save and invest. Their scepticism is mostly rooted in low financial literacy, limited confidence in financial institutions, and persistent concerns about fairness, transparency, and mis-selling. Today, as digital finance, finfluencers, AI-driven financial content, and increasingly complex products become the norm, the gap between financial innovation and citizens’ understanding continues to widen. Bridging this gap requires investor education Improving financial literacy, restoring trust in markets, and guaranteeing that retail investors receive…
Find out more »Inflation and taxation are increasingly eroding the real value of household savings and long-term investment across Europe. Even when financial markets perform well, many retail investors struggle to preserve purchasing power, as tax systems often levy nominal returns without adequately accounting for inflation, cross-border investment barriers or the long-term nature of savings. As a result, taxation has become a key determinant of investor outcomes, retirement adequacy and confidence in Europe’s capital markets. Recent research highlights the scale of the challenge.…
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