Across Europe, millions of citizens remain hesitant to save and invest. Their scepticism is mostly rooted in low financial literacy, limited confidence in financial institutions, and persistent concerns about fairness, transparency, and mis-selling. Today, as digital finance, finfluencers, AI-driven financial content, and increasingly complex products become the norm, the gap between financial innovation and citizens’ understanding continues to widen.   Bridging this gap requires investor education   Improving financial literacy, restoring trust in markets, and guaranteeing that retail investors receive…